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6: 润滑油基础知识：传动液/齿轮油指南

WHAT DO TRANSMISSION FLUIDS DO EXACTLY? WHAT MAIN TYPES ARE THERE, AND HOW DO YOU RECOGNISE THEM? GET ALL THE ANSWERS IN THIS ARTICLE.

传动液的确切作用是什么? 主要有哪些类型?您如何识别它们? 从本文获取所有答案。

 

Earlier in our series on the basics of lubricants, we showed you around the concepts of base oils and additives .

在我们关于润滑油基础知识系列文章的早期，我们向您介绍了基础油和添加剂的概念。

These are usually mentioned in the context of motor oil – oil that is necessary for an engine to run smoothly and efficiently. Motor oil is the lubricant that you’ll see most commonly.

这些是发动机平稳有效运行所必需的，通常在机油-油中提及。机油是您最常见的润滑油。

Today, we’re introducing you to motor oil’s little brother. It’s another lubricant that is less known but necessary for any motor vehicle to function properly: transmission fluid.

今天，我们将向您介绍机油的小兄弟。这是另一种鲜为人知但对任何机动车辆正常运行所必需的润滑油：传动液。

Transmission fluid, also called gear oil, ensures smooth functioning and extended life of transmissions, transfer cases and differentials in cars, trucks and other machinery.
传动液也称为齿轮油，可确保汽车、卡车和其他机械的变速箱、分动箱和差速器的平稳运行并延长使用寿命。

Like motor oil, they are composed of base oil (mineral, semi- or fully synthetic) and additives.

与机油一样，它们由基础油（矿物质、半合成或全合成油）及添加剂组成。

The two kinds of transmission fluid

传动液分为两种

 

Transmission systems come in two sorts: manual and automatic. Unsurprisingly, each demands its own transmission fluid:

  • Lubricants for automatic transmissions are called ATFs: Automatic Transmission Fluids.
  • For manual transmissions, these are called MTFs or Manual Transmission Fluids.

传动系统有两种：手动和自动。毋庸置疑，每种传动系统都需要其专用的传动液：

  • 自动变速箱的润滑油称为ATFs：自动变速箱油（Automatic Transmission Fluids）。
  • 对于手动变速器，这些则称为MTFs或手动变速箱油（Manual Transmission Fluids）。

 

(Side note: beyond the division between ATFs and MTFs, there is a myriad of different types of transmission fluid available. But that is material for another article. To find the transmission fluid that is perfect for your car, try our online product reco tool )

（旁注：除了ATFs和MTFs划分外，还有无数种不同类型的传动液可供选择。但这是另一篇文章将要提及的内容。要找到适合您汽车的变速箱油，请试试我们的在线产品反馈工具 )

 

 

MTFs: what’s good to know

MTFs: 需要了解哪些

 

MTFs have a high viscosity, which is to say they are ‘thicker’. Why? Manual transmissions do not have pumps that distribute the oil throughout the system. Thinner, low-viscosity oil would leave only the lowest part of the system bathing in oil sump. This would lead to inefficient operation.
MTFs具有高粘度，也就是说它们“更稠”。为什么？手动变速箱没有将油分配到整个系统的泵。较薄的低粘度油只会留在系统最低部浸入油底槽中。这将导致低效运行。

A high-viscosity MTF, however, ‘sticks’ throughout the whole system to ensure optimal operation.

然而，高粘度MTF“粘”在整个系统中以确保最佳运行。

What about additives? MTFs usually contain extreme pressure additives to cope with the conditions within manual transmissions. Also called EP additives, these contain certain compounds that react with yellow metals such as copper and brass. An MTF for systems that do contain yellow metals should, therefore, be chosen with care.
添加剂呢？MTFs通常含有极压添加剂以处理手动变速箱内的情况。它们也称为EP添加剂，含有某些与黄色金属如铜和铜合金的化合物。因此，应谨慎选择用于系统的含有黄色金属的MTF。

MTFs also contain anti-wear additives to cope with the sliding action of hypoid bevel gears.

MTFs还含有抗磨损添加剂，以应对准双曲面锥齿轮的滑动作用。

 

ATFs: what’s good to know

ATF: 需要了解哪些

 

ATFs lubricate automatic transmissions. Different ATFs are for different transmission types, such as:

  • Dual Clutch Transmission (DSG)
  • Continuous Variable Transmission (CVT)
  • and 6-, 7-, 8-, 9- and even 10-speed MB Automatic Transmission.

ATFs润滑自动变速箱。不同的ATFs适用于不同的传输类型，例如：

  • 双离合器变速箱（DSG）
  • 连续可变传动（CVT）
  • 以及6速、7速、8速、9速甚至10速MB自动变速箱。

Besides lubrication, they can serve other functions as well, thanks to additives. Think:

  • keep the transmission cool
  • clean and protect metal surfaces from wear
  • condition gaskets (seals that join two surfaces)
  • increase rotational speed and temperature range.
  • other than engine oils, ATFs are coloured (red or green) to distinguish them from other liquids used in a vehicle.

除了润滑外，由于增加了添加剂，它们还可以发挥其他功能。思考：

  • 保持变速箱冷却
  • 清洁并保护金属表面免受磨损
  • 条件垫圈（连接两个表面的密封件）
  • 提高转速和温度范围。
  • 除了发动机油之外，ATFs是有色的（红色或绿色），以区别于其他车用液。

 

How to read transmission fluid API ratings

如何读取传动液API评级

The American Petroleum Institute, which sets standards for lubricants, classifies gear oils using ratings: GL ratings. These run from GL-1 to GL-5. The higher the number, the more pressure the fluid can sustain without metal-to-metal contact taking place between transmission components.
制定润滑油标准的美国石油协会(American Petroleum Institute)对齿轮油进行了分级: GL 评级：它们分为GL-1到GL-5。级数越大，传动液可以承受的压力越大，从而传动部件之间不会发生金属与金属的接触。

Most modern gearboxes require separate differentials, which experience a higher pressure between metal parts. These gearboxes require fluids classified as GL-5.
大多数现代变速箱需要单独的差速器，在金属部件之间承受更高的压力。这些变速箱需要级别为GL-5的传动液。

Besides the GL classification, the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) sets standards for the viscosity of transmission fluids as well. A fluid can, for example, have a 75W90 viscosity. Take note that the viscosity of motor oil and transmission fluids are not represented in the same manner, though. 75W90 corresponds to 10W40 motor oil in absolute viscosity. That’s why a common mistake is to think a transmission fluid is thicker (has a higher viscosity) than it actually is.
除GL分级外，汽车工程师协会（SAE）也对传动液的粘度设定了标准。例如，传动液可具有75W90的粘度。但请注意，机油和传动液的粘度并不是以相同的方式表示。75W90相当于10W40机油的绝对粘度。这就是为什么常见的错误是认为变速箱油液比实际更厚（粘度更高）。

One more API classification for gear oils is MT-1. These fluids are fit for non-synchronised manual transmissions used in buses and heavy-duty trucks. They provide protection against temperature changes, component wear and the wear of the oil seal.

齿轮油的另一种API分类是MT-1。这些液体适用于公共汽车和重型卡车中使用的非同步手动变速箱。它们可以防止温度变化、部件磨损和油封磨损。

Which transmission fluid do you need?

您需要哪种传动液?

 

You can either refer to your car’s owner’s manual, or easily find the right gear oil for your vehicle on our website when you enter your car brand and model.

您可以参考车主手册，或者当您输入您的汽车品牌和型号时，在我们的网站上很容易找到合适的齿轮油。

 

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