3: 润滑油基础知识：欧洲汽车制造协会规范 – 乘用车
YOU MAY KNOW THE ACEA OIL SEQUENCES. BUT CAN YOU TELL WHAT SEPARATES ACEA A3 FROM ACEA B4? EDUCATE YOURSELF HERE.
您可能知道欧洲汽车制造协会机油规范（ACEA OIL SEQUENCES）。但是您能说出ACEA A3和ACEA B4的区别吗? 本篇将让您了解这方面知识。
In our series about the basics of lubricants, we now dive into the ACEA oil sequences for passenger cars. These sequences are a series of oil specifications.
我们的润滑油基础知识系列现在深入研究乘用车的ACEA机油规范。这些规范是系列油品规格。
What’s a specification? Engine oil has to meet certain technical standards. To that end, associations of manufacturers have defined ‘specifications’. Each specification is associated with a number of tests that indicate the quality and the performance of a lubricant.
什么是规范？发动机油必须符合某些技术标准。为此，制造商协会已制定了“规范”。每个规范都与许多测试相关联，这些测试表明润滑油的质量和性能。
Only when a lubricant makes it through all the tests, the lubricant producer can claim that it has ‘specification X’ and can be used with certain engines without risk (as defined in the specification).
Let’s take a look at ACEA and their latest specifications, specifically.
只有当润滑油通过所有测试时，润滑油生产商才能宣称产品符合“规范X”并且可以与某些发动机一起使用而不存在风险（按照规范的定义）。
让我们具体了解一下ACEA及其最新规范。
What is ACEA and what does it do?
什么是ACEA ?它的作用是什么?
ACEA was founded in 1991. It’s an abbreviation of Association de Constructeurs Européens d’Automobiles, or in English: European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association.
ACEA成立于1991年。它是Association deConstructeursEuropéensd’Dutorss的缩写，英文缩写为：European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association（欧洲汽车制造商协会）。
In short, ACEA is an advocate for the automobile industry in Europe. They represent manufacturers of passenger cars, vans, trucks and buses with production sites in the European Union.
简言之，ACEA是欧洲汽车工业的倡导者。他们代表着在欧盟设有生产基地的乘用车、货车、卡车和公共汽车的制造商。
Members of the Association include the national associations for the automobile industries, plus most of the car, van and truck manufacturers.
该协会成员包括全国汽车工业协会，以及大多数汽车、货车和卡车制造商。
The European Oil Sequences
欧洲润滑油规范
High-quality lubricants are necessary to ensure the reliability of modern high-tech engines. And there is no single best oil: Different oils are required for different circumstances, engine designs, and climatic conditions.
优质润滑油是确保现代高科技发动机可靠性之必需。但是没有一种最好的机油：不同的环境、发动机设计和气候条件都需要不同的润滑油。
With its European Oil Sequences, ACEA provides minimum standards for oils. These are the standards that ACEA members demand for using these oils in their vehicles, and are also called specifications.
按照其欧洲机油规范，ACEA提供油品最低标准。这些是ACEA成员要求在其车辆中使用这些油的标准，也称为规范。
How to read an ACEA specification
如何阅读ACEA规范
Every ACEA specification is made of a letter and a number. The letter indicates the class and the number indicates the category:
每个ACEA规范都由字母和数字组成。字母表示等级，数字表示类别：
ACEA C3
C indicates the class; 3 indicates the category.
C表示等级；3表示类别。
Here, one element can get a little confusing. There are three ACEA classes: ACEA A/B, ACEA C and ACEA E.
The thing to note here is that you won’t find ACEA A (without the B) or ACEA B (without the A).
It’s always A/B. An ACEA A/B specification looks like this:
这里，一个因素可能会有点混乱。有三个ACEA等级：ACEA A/B、 ACEA C 和 ACEA E。
这里要注意的是，不会看到ACEA A（没有B）或ACEA B（没有A）。
此等级始终是A/B.ACEA A/B规范如下:
ACEA A3/B3
A/B indicates the class; 3 indicates the category.
A/B表示等级；3表示类别。
Finally, specifications can show their year of implementation.
This is done by adding the last two numbers of the year. For example:
最后，规范可以显示其实施年份。
这是通过增加一年中的最后两个数字来完成。例如：
ACEA C1-16
C indicates the class, 1 indicates the category, and 16 indicates the implementation year (2016).
C表示等级，1表示类别，16表示实施年份(2016)。
About the ACEA classes and categories
关于ACEA等级和类别
The three classes divide ACEA specifications by general application:
- A/B class: This specification applies to passenger car motor oils
- C class: For catalyst compatible motor oils
The categories, indicated by numbers, divide them according to requirements for different engines.
这三个等级按照一般用途划分ACEA规范：
- A/B级：本规范适用于乘用车机油
- C级：用于与催化剂兼容的机油
这些用数字表示的类别根据不同发动机的要求进行划分。
The ACEA specifications you need to know
您需要了解的ACEA规范
Here are ACEA’s current specifications as defined in their 2016 oil sequence. Important note: Some oils are unsuitable for use in certain engines — always consult your original owner’s anual/handbook to find the right specification for your vehicle.
以下是ACEA在2016年机油规范中定义的现行规范。重要提醒：有些机油不适合用在某些发动机上，请随时查阅您的车辆出厂使用手册，以找到适合您车辆的正确规格。
| ACEA A3/B3 | Stable engine oil for use in passenger cars together with light duty van gasoline and diesel engines. It is stay-in-grade, meaning the viscosity stays the same under different conditions. (The viscosity is the ‘thickness’ of oil, which is preferred to stay constant even in hot or cold conditions.)
稳定的机油用于乘用车以及轻型厢式汽油和柴油发动机。它是超定粘度，表示在不同条件下粘度保持不变。（粘度是指油的“厚度”，即使在冷热条件下，粘度也保持不变。） |
| ACEA A3/B4 | Very similar to ACEA A3/B3, this specification allows for slightly more anti-wear additives. This makes it more suitable for high-speed direct-injection diesel engines.
与ACEA A3/B3非常相似，这个规格允许添加稍微多一点抗磨添加剂。这使其更适用于高速直喷柴油发动机。 |
| ACEA A5/B5 | For use in passenger cars together with light duty van gasoline and diesel engines capable of using low-viscosity oils.
适用于乘用车以及可使用低粘度油的轻型厢式汽油和柴油发动机。 |
| ACEA C1 | Stable, stay-in-grade engine oil for use as catalyst compatible oil in:
· Vehicles with all types of modern after-treatment systems · High-performance passenger cars · Light-duty van gasoline and direct-inject diesel engines capable of using low viscosity (‘thin’) oils 稳定的、超定粘度机油，用作催化剂兼容油： · 配备各种现代后处理系统的车辆 · 高性能乘用车 · 轻型厢式汽油和直喷式柴油发动机可使用低粘度（“稀松”）机油 |
| ACEA C2 | Similar to ACEA C1, but for oils with a Mid SAPS level (= that contain medium levels of environmentally polluting metals).
与ACEA C1相似，但适用于具有中等SAPS水平的机油（=含有中等水平的环境污染金属）。 |
| ACEA C3 | Similar to ACEA C2, but for engines that can use specific low viscosity oils.
与ACEA C2类似，但适用于可使用特定低粘度油的发动机。 |
| ACEA C4 | Similar to ACEA C3, but for oils that contain low levels of environmentally polluting metals.
与ACEA C3类似，但适用于含有低水平环境污染金属的机油。 |
| ACEA C5 | Also similar to ACEA C3, but for engines that can use even lower (‘thinner’) viscosity oils. ACEA C5 oils also provide more fuel economy.
也类似于ACEA C3，但适用于可以使用更低（“更稀松”）粘度机油的发动机。ACEA C5机油也可节省更多的燃油费用。 |
How to choose the right ACEA specification
如何选择合适的ACEA规范
As you’ll have guessed, the different classes and categories each have their own application. Using oil with the incorrect specification can not only diminish your engine’s performance, but could even damage it.
Always refer to your car manual for the right ACEA specification.
正如您所估计的那样，不同的等级和类别都有自身的用途。使用不正确规格的机油不仅会降低发动机性能，甚至会损坏发动机性能。
请务必参阅您的汽车使用手册以获得正确的ACEA规范。
In short:
- ACEA is the European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association.
- With its European Oil Sequences, ACEA provides minimum standards for oils.
- Every ACEA specification is made of a letter and a number.
- The three classes divide ACEA specifications by general application.
- The categories divide them according to requirements for different engines.
总结：
- ACEA是欧洲汽车制造协会。
- 按照其欧洲机油规范，ACEA提供油品最低标准。
- 每个ACEA规范都由字母和数字组成。
- 这三个等级按照一般用途划分ACEA规范。
- 这些类别根据不同发动机的要求进行划分。
